For Black women, hair is more than just strands—it's identity, heritage, culture, and personal expression all woven together. Yet finding natural hair products that truly…
Author: Action Track Team
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台灣預售屋市場近年頻傳消費糾紛,其中最令購屋者心寒的莫過於建商「一屋數賣」—同一戶房屋重複出售給多位買家,最終卻因建商財務問題或惡意詐欺導致無法交屋。新樸建設預售屋「一屋數賣」民事訴訟判決分析揭示了這類案件的法律問題核心、購屋者的權益保護途徑,以及民事訴訟中的關鍵策略。 本文深入剖析新樸建設案例,從法律角度探討預售屋買賣糾紛中「給付不能」的認定標準、購屋者應採取的訴訟策略、假扣押與強制執行的實務操作,以及如何透過民事救濟程序最大化權益保障。對於遭遇類似困境的購屋者、房地產從業人員、法律專業人士,以及所有關心預售屋交易安全的民眾,這份分析提供了寶貴的參考價值。 預售屋「一屋數賣」問題的法律本質 預售屋交易的特殊性在於「先付款、後交屋」的時間落差。購屋者支付訂金、簽約金及工程款,但實際取得房屋所有權往往要等待數年。這個時間差創造了建商惡意操作的空間。 何謂「一屋數賣」: 建商將同一預售屋單位分別出售給兩位以上買家,收取多筆購屋款項。由於預售屋尚未完成產權登記,建商可能利用資訊不對稱重複銷售。 法律性質分析: 預售屋買賣契約屬於「債權契約」,購屋者取得的是「請求建商未來移轉房屋所有權」的債權,而非直接取得房屋所有權。當建商一屋數賣時,多位購屋者都持有有效的債權契約,但最終只有一人(或無人)能取得房屋所有權。 刑事與民事責任: 一屋數賣可能構成刑法詐欺罪,但本文重點在於民事救濟。即使建商遭刑事追訴,購屋者仍需透過民事訴訟追討損失。 新樸建設案例的關鍵爭點 新樸建設案例解析:預售屋買賣糾紛民事訴訟策略中呈現的核心法律問題包括: 爭點一:契約效力與給付不能 當建商一屋數賣後財務崩潰或惡意脫產,無法履行任何一份契約時,法律上如何認定「給付不能」成為關鍵。 自始給付不能 vs. 嗣後給付不能: 自始給付不能:簽約時建商就明知無法履約(如房屋已賣給他人)。依民法規定,自始給付不能的契約原則上無效。 嗣後給付不能:簽約時契約有效,但之後因建商財務問題等原因導致無法履約。契約仍有效,但建商須負債務不履行責任。 實務上,建商辯稱簽約時「不知情」或「仍有履約可能」,試圖主張嗣後給付不能以減輕責任。購屋者需舉證建商簽約時就有惡意或明知無法履約的事實。 給付不能的法律效果: 契約無效(自始給付不能):購屋者可依不當得利請求返還已付款項 債務不履行(嗣後給付不能):購屋者可請求損害賠償,範圍包括已付款項、利息損失、預期利益(房價上漲差額)等 爭點二:損害賠償範圍的認定 購屋者遭一屋數賣詐騙,損失不僅是已付購屋款,還包括:…
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